What is the corporate tax rate of SMEs?Reduced tax rate and tax saving system you need to remember | @Dime at Daim

Corporations, including small and medium -sized enterprises, need to pay corporate tax according to the annual corporate income.There are differences in the tax return from sole proprietors, so be sure to understand the system correctly.We will explain from the outline of the corporate tax to the reduced tax rate, special case, and the final tax return procedure that is nice for small and medium -sized enterprises.

Overview of "corporate tax" paid by companies and organizations

Income tax is imposed on personal annual income, while corporations are charged for corporate taxes.Let's look at the outline of the corporate tax rate and calculation method.

Corporate tax rate that depends on income and classification

Corporate tax is a national tax imposed on all corporations that provide a profitable business under the Corporation Tax Law.In addition to ordinary corporations such as stocks, limited corporate companies, and medical corporations, cooperatives and shinkin banks are obliged to pay corporate taxes.

Assembly unions and groups without PTAs are taxed only on income earned in the profitable business, not all income obtained in the business.

The corporate tax rate is determined by the category of the company and the annual income.

The tax rate of the "ordinary corporation" in which the stock company and the limited company correspond is divided by the amount of capital, and it depends on whether the income is exceeded a certain line.

In the case of ordinary corporations that started the business after April 1, 2019, the maximum tax rate is 23, no matter how much income you have..20%.

Reference: No.5759 Corporate tax rate | National Tax Agency

Corporate tax calculation method

The calculation formula for calculating corporate tax is "profit -deduction x corporate tax rate".

Profitations and deductions, respectively, refers to the "income" and "expenses" under the tax law.However, they do not necessarily match the accounting revenue or cost.

In the tax law, the amount of "items that cannot be entered in profits" and "items that cannot be deducted in costs" are deducted from accounting profits and costs, respectively. am.

Small and medium -sized enterprises with "Capital of 100 million yen or less" will be reduced to "annual corporate income of 8 million yen".When calculating, calculate "part up to 8 million yen" and "part exceeding 8 million yen".

For example, if the annual corporate income of small and medium -sized businesses with a capital of 100 million yen is 6 million yen, the amount of corporate tax can be calculated as "6 million yen x 15%= 900,000 yen".

On the other hand, if the annual corporate income of small and medium -sized enterprises with a capital of 100 million yen is 10 million yen, the calculation formula is "8 million yen x 15% + (10 million yen -8 million yen) x 23..2%= 1,664,000 yen].

If you subtract the deduction amount based on the calculated amount, you will see the corporate tax amount that the company should pay.If the profit is low and the deficit becomes in the red, it is considered a "loss" and there is no need to pay corporate tax because there is no profit.

Reference: No.5759 Corporate tax rate | National Tax Agency

Small and medium -sized enterprises have a special case in the corporate tax rate

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In consideration of the social situation such as the economic downturn and globalization, the corporate tax rate of small and medium -sized enterprises tends to be low.Depending on the conditions, the special case of the corporate tax rate can be applied, and small and medium -sized enterprises are treated preferentially in terms of tax.

Let's dig deeper about the definition of "SMEs" specified in the "Corporate Tax Law" and "Special Tax Measures Law" related to the reduced tax rate and special cases.

Definition of the target "small and medium -sized enterprises"

The definition of small and medium -sized businesses is different in the Corporation Tax Law and Special Tax Measures Law.When calculating your corporate tax or applying special cases, check the classification and applicable conditions.

First, small and medium -sized enterprises under the Corporation Tax Law are "small and medium -sized corporations, etc.", and refers to corporations that meet the following two.

The application of the reduced tax rate is determined based on this standard.

On the other hand, small and medium -sized enterprises that are preferred by the Special Tax Measures Law are called "SMEs, etc.".Applicable is "corporations with less than 1,000 employees who are always using capital (funding) with a capital of 100 million yen or less."

However, the following small and medium -sized enterprises are not included.

"Large -scale business" refers to a corporation with a capital of 100 million yen or more (more than 1,000 employees who are always used in corporations that do not have capital).

The Corporation Tax Law and the Special Tax Measures Law also apply corporations with a capital (funding) of 100 million yen or less.However, be aware that depending on the parent company's investment ratio, you may not be able to receive special cases.

Reference: Taxation for small and medium -sized corporations: Ministry of Finance

Corporate tax with reduced tax rate

In order to protect small and medium -sized enterprises, the corporate tax law has been reduced the tax rate.As of 2021, "Special Corporate Tax Rates for SMEs, etc." is applied.

In the case of small and medium -sized corporations with a capital of 100 million yen or less, it is reduced to 15%due to special tax measures, which is imposed on the main rules up to 8 million yen in corporate income.Small and medium -sized enterprises that meet the conditions will consider the burden of corporate tax considerably.

Special measures were initially stipulated until the end of 2019, but the extension was announced by the tax reform in FY2021.

As a result of the current economic and social conditions, the government has determined that it is difficult to return the tax rate to the rules.The current corporate tax rate will be applied until the end of 2022 (March 31, 2023).

参考：令和3年度（2021年度）経済産業関係 税制改正のポイント｜経済産業省Reference: No.5432 Small and medium -sized corporations and SMEs under the Measures Law | National Tax Agency

System that you want to know about tax saving of small and medium -sized enterprises

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The government, which believes that small and medium -sized enterprises will hold the key to the creation of employment and competitiveness, have given SMEs a variety of tax incentives.If you meet the applicable conditions, use it to reduce the tax burden.

Here are some systems that can be used by SMEs.

Special case of small depreciation assets

This is a special case that can be applied by small and medium -sized businesses that have made a small amount of capital investment.

If a depreciable asset with a value of less than 300,000 yen is introduced, the entire amount can be included as a "deduction".However, the total amount to be lost is up to 3 million yen a year.

Applicable is "Corporation with a capital or funding amount of 100 million yen or less" or "individuals with less than 1000 employees" are required, and it is essential to submit a blue declaration.

However, the following corporations are excluded.

適用対象となるのは2022年度末までに購入した減価償却資産です。　Reference: No.5408 Special Examples of Defeat Price for Acquisition Price for SMEs, etc. | National Tax Agency

Tax deduction system for the total test expenses

This is a system that allows you to deduct a certain percentage of costs for exam research.You can deduct the amount calculated by applying the percentage specified in the "Examination Research Fund" from the corporate tax amount.

Examination and research expenses are all combined with the “Product Manufacture or Technology Improvement Costs” or “Certain Expenses required for new service research” required for research and development.

For example, the following costs are eligible.

If the tax deduction system for the total test expenses can be applied, you will receive more tax deductions than large companies.This system is for all corporations who have filed blue declarations.

Reference: No.5442 Tax deduction system related to the total test expenses | NTA

Small and medium -sized business management enhancement tax system

The “SME Enhancement Tax System” is a special measure aimed at improving productivity and strengthening management by small and medium -sized enterprises.The tax reform in FY2021 has been decided to extend to the end of 2022.

Applicable when small and medium -sized enterprises that have been certified by the "Business Procodes for the SME Management Enhancement Law" are obtained and utilized based on the management skills improvement plan.

With the application of the small and medium -sized business management enhancement tax system, it is possible to receive 10 % tax incentives from the value obtained.

However, if the deduction limit exceeds 20%of the corporate tax amount in the year, the amount equivalent to 20%is the deduction limit.There is no problem if you take over the next year for the surplus part that could not be deducted.

The application form for the management skills improvement plan can be obtained from the following page announced by the following Small and Medium Enterprise Agency.

Small and Medium Enterprise Agency: Management Support "Support by Management Enhancement Law"

Reference: No.5434 Small and medium -sized business management enhancement tax system (Special depreciation or tax credit deduction when small and medium -sized enterprises have acquired specific management improvement equipment, etc.)

SME investment promotion tax system

If small and medium -sized enterprises that have not been certified by the Small and Medium Enterprise Authority have made capital investment, the SME Investment Promotion Tax System can be applied.

You can receive any preferential treatment of "30 % of the acquisition price" or "7 % tax deduction".

If you select a special depreciation, you can record as a separate expense.It can save taxes, which can reduce corporate income, which is the basis of corporate tax.

The target person is a small and medium -sized enterprise who files a blue declaration, and is subject to the following industries.

The target facilities are "machines and equipment of 1.6 million yen or more per unit" "Total weight 3 vehicles.5 tons or more freight vehicles.

The expiration date of the SME investment promotion tax system has also been decided to extend to the end of 2022.

参考：令和3年度（2021年度）経済産業関係 税制改正について｜経済産業省Reference: No.5433 SME investment promotion tax system (Special depreciation or tax deduction when small and medium -sized enterprises have acquired machines, etc.)

How to file a tax return for small and medium -sized enterprises

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SMEs, like large -scale companies, need to file a tax return for corporate tax.Understand the tax return and procedures and try to pay the right tax.I will explain how to file a tax return for SMEs.

What is the deadline for tax return for corporate tax?

The deadline for filing a corporate tax tax return is, in principle, "two months after the financial date".

The settlement date is the day when the company's business year ends.If the business year is from April 1st to March 31st of the following year, the closing date is March 31.

In this case, the company must pay a final tax return and corporate tax by May 31.If the declaration date is on weekends and holidays, the next opening date will be the declaration date.

If the tax return within the deadline is difficult for the following reasons, the application deadline can be extended.By the last day of the business year, make a special application for extending the expiration date of the tax return.

However, even if the tax return is extended, the payment date will not be extended.

By two months after the settlement date, the corporate tax will be paid on the expected amount.If the payment is delayed, the "interest tax" will be imposed according to the extended period, so we recommend early payment.

Reference: Declaration and Tax Payment | NTA Reference: [Procedure Name] Application for extension of the expiration date | National Tax Agency

Corporate tax final tax return procedure

To file a tax return for a corporation, it is necessary to submit a "Better table" and attached documents that are the basis for the contents of the tax return.It takes time to create and prepare documents, so be sure to keep books without leakage.

Corporation tax returns are roughly filed in the following flow.

1. 決算報告書の作成
2. 決算の確定・決算報告書の承認（株主総会）
3. 確定申告書の作成
4. 添付書類の作成
5. 確定申告・納税

There are mainly three settlement documents: balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and cash flow statement.

It allows you to grasp the profit, profit and loss in the financial period, and corporate asset conditions at a glance, and ensure the validity of the final tax return.

When the financial statements are completed, create a final tax return.The tax amount can be calculated by "taxable income x tax rate", but it may be difficult to properly calculate taxable income without expertise.If you find it difficult for an amateur, it is safer to ask a tax accountant.

After creating a final tax return, submit it to the tax office in jurisdiction of the office and pay tax.There are three types of declaration methods: bringing, mailing, and electronic declaration.

Reference: [Procedure name] Declaration of corporate tax and local corporate tax (corporate tax return formation, etc.) |

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